Multiple Sclerosis(मल्टीपल स्क्लेरोसिस)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath—the protective covering of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord—disrupting electrical signals that control movement, sensation, and cognition. As a neurologist with over 11 years of experience, I’ve witnessed how early diagnosis and personalized care can slow progression and enhance quality of life.
Who Gets MS and Why?
MS most commonly strikes adults between 20 and 50 years of age and affects women about twice as often as men. While the exact cause remains unclear, research suggests a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors—such as low vitamin D levels or past viral infections—play roles. Learn more in the WHO’s fact sheet on multiple sclerosis.
Early Signs & Symptoms
MS can present in varied ways, depending on where lesions form. Typical early symptoms include:
Visual changes: Blurred vision or eye pain from optic neuritis
Sensory disturbances: Numbness, tingling, or “pins and needles”
Muscle weakness & spasticity: Especially in the legs, causing gait instability
Balance and coordination problems: Cerebellar involvement leading to ataxia
Fatigue: One of the most disabling symptoms, affecting up to 80% of patients
Cognitive issues: Slowed processing speed, memory lapses, or mood changes
If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if they come and go, a thorough neurological evaluation is essential. For a comprehensive overview of symptoms and causes, see the Mayo Clinic’s guide to multiple sclerosis.
How We Diagnose MS
Clinical Assessment: Detailed history of symptom patterns and neurological examination.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: MRI scans reveal characteristic plaques in the brain and spinal cord.
Evoked Potentials: Measures electrical activity in response to stimuli, detecting slowed nerve conduction.
Lumbar Puncture: Cerebrospinal fluid analysis for immune markers supporting the diagnosis.
The McDonald criteria combine these tools to establish MS diagnosis accurately and promptly.
Treatment Strategies
While there is no cure, modern therapies focus on preventing new attacks, slowing disability, and managing symptoms:
1. Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs)
These medications reduce relapse rates and lesion formation. Options include:
Injectable agents, such as interferons and glatiramer acetate
Oral therapies, like fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate
Monoclonal antibody infusions, for example, natalizumab and ocrelizumab
The American Academy of Neurology’s guidelines help tailor DMT selection based on disease severity and individual factors.
2. Managing Acute Relapses
High-dose corticosteroids (methylprednisolone) shorten recovery time during flares, and plasma exchange may be considered for severe, steroid-resistant attacks.
3. Symptom-Focused Care
Spasticity & Pain: Muscle relaxants (baclofen, tizanidine) and neuropathic pain agents (gabapentin).
Fatigue: Energy management strategies, exercise, and, in select cases, medications such as modafinil.
Bladder & Bowel Dysfunction: Scheduled voiding, anticholinergic medications, and pelvic floor therapy.
Cognitive & Mood Support: Neuropsychological assessment and counseling or antidepressant therapy as needed.
4. Rehabilitation & Wellness
Early referral to physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy preserves function. Regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and stress-reduction techniques support overall well-being.
Living Well with MS
Keep a symptom diary to track relapses and monitor treatment impact.
Maintain bone and muscle health through weight-bearing activities and ensure adequate vitamin D levels.
Engage with support groups for emotional well-being and shared experiences.
Stay current with vaccinations, as infections can trigger relapses.
When to Reach Out
If you notice vision problems, weakness, sensory changes, or unexplained fatigue, timely evaluation leads to quicker diagnosis and treatment initiation.
To schedule your personalized consultation:
Return to our Home Page
Together, we will craft a tailored treatment plan combining cutting-edge therapies with compassionate care—empowering you to navigate MS with confidence and hope.