Headache / Migraine (सरदर्द / माइग्रेन)
Headaches are among the most common neurological complaints, ranging from occasional tension headaches to debilitating migraines. With over 11 years in neurology practice, I understand the impact these disorders have on daily life. This guide explains what causes headaches and migraines, how we diagnose them, and the treatments that can bring relief—all in straightforward language.
What’s the Difference Between a Headache and a Migraine?
A headache is pain anywhere in the head or upper neck.
A migraine is a primary headache disorder marked by recurring throbbing pain, often one-sided, accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light or sound.
According to the World Health Organization, migraines affect at least one in seven adults globally and are nearly three times more common in women than men.
Common Types of Headache Disorders
Tension-type, cluster, and medication-overuse headaches also cause significant disability. The NHS outlines these classifications and their features:
Tension-Type: Dull, pressing pain; often triggered by stress or poor posture.
Cluster: Severe, one-sided pain around the eye with tearing or nasal congestion.
Medication-Overuse: Daily, persistent headaches from frequent painkiller use.
Recognizing Migraine Symptoms
Migraines usually progress through four phases—prodrome, aura (in some), headache, and postdrome:
Prodrome: Subtle mood changes, food cravings, or neck stiffness hours to days before an attack.
Aura (20% of patients): Visual disturbances like flashing lights or blind spots.
Headache: Moderate to severe pulsating pain, worsened by movement; often accompanied by nausea and photophobia.
Postdrome: Fatigue, confusion, or mood changes as pain subsides.
How We Diagnose Your Headache
Clinical History: I’ll review headache patterns, triggers, and family history.
Neurological Exam: Assessment of reflexes, coordination, and sensory function.
Imaging: MRI or CT to exclude structural causes, per Mayo Clinic guidelines.
Headache Diary: Tracking frequency, duration, and associated symptoms improves treatment precision.
Treatment Approaches
Acute (Abortive) Therapy
NSAIDs & Acetaminophen: First-line for mild to moderate attacks
Triptans: Effective for moderate to severe migraines—taken early for best results
Anti-emetics: Metoclopramide or domperidone to control nausea
Preventive (Prophylactic) Therapy
Considered when migraines occur more than four days per month or significantly impair life:
Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol)
Antiepileptics (e.g., topiramate)
CGRP Antagonists: Newer monoclonal antibodies targeting migraine pathways
Lifestyle Modifications: Regular sleep, stress reduction, hydration, and trigger avoidance
Non-Pharmacological Strategies
Relaxation Techniques: Biofeedback, yoga, and progressive muscle relaxation
Physical Therapy: Posture correction and neck exercises for tension headaches
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: To manage stress and pain coping
Practical Tips for Patients
Keep a detailed headache diary to identify patterns and triggers.
Maintain consistent sleep and meal schedules.
Stay hydrated and limit caffeine and alcohol.
Practice stress-management daily—even brief breathing exercises help.
Wear protective eyewear in bright environments and use noise-reducing headphones if needed.
When to Reach Out
If headaches or migraines disrupt your life despite self-care, it’s time for a specialist evaluation. Together, we’ll create a personalized plan to reduce pain and restore your quality of life.
Visit our Home Page,
Book an Appointment, or
Contact Us to take the next step toward relief.
—Dr. Rohit Anand
Consultant Neurologist, Jamshedpur